因為動詞已不跟隨主語時態變化,所以必需有助動詞來表示時態,分別為表示未來的 will,表示現在的 be,表示過去的 have。
例 1. I have eat an egg yesterday. = 英文: I ate an egg yesterday.
例 2. He haven`t go to school. = 英文: He didn`t go to school.
例 3. She ben`t like dog. = 英文: She dosen`t like dog.
而時態的現在式則用Ving來表示。
例 1. He have watching TV. = 英文: He was watching TV.
例 2. I watching TV. = 英文:I am watching TV.
完成式則用時態助動詞的過去式來表示: would ,been ,had
例 1. Sally been finish her work. = 英文: Sally has finished her work.
例 2. Tommy had have a house at 24. = 英文: Tommy had had a house at 24.
例 3. I would be there tomorrow night. = 英文: I will have been there tomorrow night.
以下為時態與語態的變化 (等號後面為英文)
未來簡單式主動:will+V = will+V
未來進行式主動:will+Ving = will be+Ving
未來完成式主動:would+V = will have+PP
未來完成進行式主動:would+Ving = will have been+Ving
未來簡單式被動:will+Ved = will be+PP
未來進行式被動:will+Vdn = will be being+PP ( 少用 )
未來完成式被動:would+Ved = will have been+PP
未來完成進行式被動:would+Vdn = will have been being+PP ( 少用 )
現在簡單式主動:V = V
現在進行式主動:Ving = be+Ving
現在完成式主動:been+V = have+PP
現在完成進行式主動:been+Ving = have been+Ving
現在簡單式被動:Ved = be+PP
現在進行式被動:Vdn = be being+PP
現在完成式被動:been+Ved = have been+PP
現在完成式進行式被動:been+Vdn = have been being+PP ( 少用 )
過去簡單式主動:have+V = Ved
過去進行式主動:have+Ving = was+Ving
過去完成式主動:had+V = had+PP
過去完成進行式主動:had+Ving = had been+Ving
過去簡單式被動:have+Ved = was+PP
過去進行式被動:have+Vdn = was being+PP
過去完成式被動:had+Ved = had been+PP
過去完成進行式被動:had+Vdn = had been being+PP ( 少用 )
※ 動詞只會跟著進行式 ( Ving ) 與被動式 (Ved ) 變化,若為進行式被動,則為 Vdn
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